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The Malaysian concrete industry derives its aggregates mostly from natural sources. These aggregates have either been reduced to its size either naturally or artificially by crushing. Common naturally occurring aggregates are gravel and shingle.
Natural occurring aggregates are obtained by mining natural deposits of sand and gravel. It can also be obtained from quarries. While natural occurring aggregates are formed by natural phenomena such as water and wind, artificially obtained aggregates are produced through a crushing process.
The most common aggregates are river sand. These are considered to be of reasonable quality. The second would be rocks from quarrying. They are produced through a process of blasting, crushing and screening.
The best type of aggregates are of igneous origins because of their hardness, toughness and density. Most of the aggregates in Malaysia are of igneous origin. Whether it is acidic or alkaline will depend upon its silica content.
The second would be sedimentary rocks. Its quality depends on the formation history of the rock. Examples of good sources of aggregates for concrete are limestone and some siliceous sand stones. The hardness vary, so does its porosity or density. The same goes for its weight. They may also yield flaky aggregates.