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The addition of fly ash in concrete gives numerous advantages. These are observed in both fresh and hardened concrete. Briefly it improves the workability of plastic concrete and the strength and durability of hardened concrete. At the same time, it is also cost efficient as the the amount of cement can be reduced.
GGBS on the other hand gives concrete a higher resistance to sulphate and chloride attacks. It is also more eco-friendly it reduces the use of cement and thus contributes to sustainable development. It also results in higher late strength and lower permeability thus contributing to higher durability. GGBS also contributes to lower heat of hydration. GGBS replacement enhances lower heat of hydration which is very useful for large concrete pours for example large foundations. It also gives higher durability and higher resistance to sulphate and chloride attack when compared with normal ordinary concrete. On the other hand, it also contributes to environmental protection because it minimizes the use of cement during the production of concrete. Also the production of GGBS is virtually CO2-free.
However, GGBS concrete has a lower rate of strength development which is highly sensitive to curing conditions. Effort must be exert to ensure better quality of curing process in order to secure high quality of GGBS concrete. On the other hand, designers have to be cautious of the potential bleeding problem of GGBS concrete.
